Jazz-Rock风格简介
Jazz-Rock是一种混合型曲风，由爵士和摇滚两种已经存在的流派特征组成。尽管它可以被认为是融合乐类型之一，但它大多仅由上述两种类型组成。当人们提到fusion或jazz fusion（或jazz-rock fusion）时，他们通常指的是Jazz-Rock。 但是，实际上，“fusion”一词仅表示将两个元素组合在一起，或呈现两个形态。 因此，Jazz-Rock是一种fusion风格，但是一种特殊的融合（fusion）形式。这种音乐流派的结合方式有很多，层出不穷，并且在不断发展出新的形式，例如Country Rock或Latin Jazz可以结合的很完美。
这种风格间的融合似乎每十年都会带来变化和多种音乐风格的变迁。到1950年代，Jazz盛行，Dixieland风格萌芽，并用Swing拍子代替了二拍法。鼓手开始“ride”开镲，而贝斯手则开始拥护walking bass。在这其中，也产生了一种全新的旋律构思方法，如Charlie Parker和Lester Young这样的萨克斯管演奏家在即兴演奏中开始积极探索这一当时的未知领域。在Jazz-Rock的发展过程中，Miles Davis赢得了很多荣誉，是使这一风格走向大众的重要人物。他通过将Rock元素融合到前卫爵士的制作中，这一改变和贡献是里程碑式的，包括他的专辑In a Silent Way and Bitchtes Brew(1969)，A Tribute to Jack Johnson(1970)等。这些专辑发行后，这类不同的现代音乐产生了。
鼓手Tony Williams十几岁时与迈尔斯·戴维斯（Miles Davis）一起演奏，不久之后成立了他自己的乐队。吉他手John Mclaughlin和他一起演奏的人也因Jazz-Rock的诞生而成名。1971年，他的乐队Mahavishnu Orchestra发行了Inner Mounting Plane，这张专辑和随后的Birds of Fire（1972）在历史上，许多乐迷将其视为爵士乐的巅峰之作。
Mclaughlin与Jan Hammer，Jerry Goodman，Rick Laird和Billy Cobham一起开辟了一条崭新的道路，在他的六次格莱美提名乐队Dixie Dregs中，“Dregs”使Mahavishnu的概念更进一步，为曲目增添了Country Jazz和classical风格。可以说这些乐队都对后面成立的乐队产生了深远影响，如重金属融合乐队Dream Theatre的成员就说过Dixie Dregs乐队对其影响深远。
吉他，贝斯和鼓似乎是摇滚音乐中最重要的乐器，在爵士乐中也是如此。大多数人声摇滚乐队中的键盘乐器（Piano，EP，Organ，clavinet和synthesizer）似乎起着辅助而非主导作用。而当Jazz和Rock融为一体时，键盘手赢得了更多关注。
吉他手John Mclaughlin与Mahavishnu演奏时，Joe Zawinul在Weather Report打造了键盘演奏者的新音色，该首张同名专辑于1971年发行。在接下来的15年中，Weather Report每年发行一张专辑，在1970年代中期，他们主导了Jazz-Rock的市场。1977年，乐队的标志性热门歌曲“Birdland”甚至跨入了主流摇滚电台。 正是这样的事件促使忠实摇滚听众开始关注爵士与摇滚的融合，并意识到人声并非是必要的。
1973年，两位键盘演奏大师Herbie Hancock和Chick Corea进入了电子跨界音乐领域。无论是作为Miles Davis的乐队成员还是单飞以后成为独奏艺术家，Herbie Hancock在1960年代都非常受欢迎。实际上，从担任领导职务开始，他就在Jazz和R＆B广播电台中广受欢迎。1973年Headhunters的发行使他成为主流明星唱片，成为有史以来第一张成为白金唱片的爵士乐专辑。后续的专辑Thrust录音资料不仅是出色的乐器专辑，还提供了为想要学习Funk的键盘手提供了范本。
Chick Corea是目前为止（2020）GRAMMY爵士类获奖次数最多的艺术家，23次获奖65次提名。在转向电子乐器之前他也已经获得了很多成功。自1960年代中期以来，他就一直是唱片公司的领导者。1968的专辑Now He Sings，Now He Sobs牢固地确立了他在爵士界的地位，成为了一个难以望其项背的人物。1972年，Chick Corea还与Gary Burton合作制作了经典的LP Crystal Silence。然而，一年后，light as a Feather的Fender Rhodes专辑似乎是他正式尝试Fusion，成立乐队Return to Forever（RTF）。在1973年，Chick Corea的RTF又发行了另一张具有里程碑意义的唱片，即第七张专辑Hymn of the Seventh Galaxy。 在这个LP上是一个崭新的阵容，而不是以往的拉丁爵士融合，它更具侵略性，听起来像Jazz-Rock音乐。
在过去的二十年中，见证了Fusion向其他不同风格的扩散和影响，凸显了其在流行音乐中的内在价值，这种融合的边界更加模糊，我们在任何地方都能听到Fusion的影响，甚至是Rap和Hip-hop等。
Jazz-Rock主要艺术家
艺术家和团体 | 活跃年代 | 设计的风格 |
Chicago | 1960s - 2010s | Adult Contemporary, Soft Rock, Contemporary Pop/Rock, AM Pop, Jazz-Rock |
Steely Dan | 1970s - 2010s | Album Rock, Contemporary Pop/Rock, Jazz-Rock, Soft Rock |
Mahavishnu Orchestra | 1970s - 1980s | Fusion, Jazz-Rock |
Al Di Meola | 1970s - 2020s | Fusion, Global Jazz, Guitar Virtuoso, Jazz-Rock, Contemporary Jazz, Guitar Jazz, Jazz Instrument, South American Traditions, Tango |
Joni Mitchell | 1960s - 2000s | Folk-Rock, Singer/Songwriter, Jazz-Rock, Album Rock, Folk Jazz, AM Pop, Vocal Jazz |
Charlie Hunter | 1990s - 2010s | Fusion, Jazz-Rock, Post-Bop, Guitar Jazz, Jazz Instrument, Contemporary Jazz, Acid Jazz |
Miles Davis | 1940s - 1990s | Bop, Cool, Fusion, Hard Bop, Jazz-Funk, Jazz-Rock, Modal Music, Post-Bop, Jazz Instrument, Trumpet Jazz |
Tim Buckley | 1960s - 1970s | Singer/Songwriter, Folk-Rock, Folk Jazz, Jazz-Rock |
Frank Zappa | 1950s - 1990s | Art Rock, Experimental Rock, Jazz-Rock, Prog-Rock, Album Rock, Avant-Prog, Comedy Rock, Progressive Jazz, Hard Rock, Modern Composition, Avant-Garde Music, Comedy, Computer Music, Experimental, Novelty, Fusion, Proto-Punk, Orchestral |
Ginger Baker | 1950s - 2010s | Art Rock, Blues-Rock, Fusion, Jazz-Rock, Post-Bop, Album Rock, Hard Rock, Ethnic Fusion |
Donald Fagen | 1970s - 2010s | Contemporary Pop/Rock, Jazz-Rock, Soft Rock, Jazz Instrument, Piano Jazz |
Soft Machine | 1960s - 2010s | Art Rock, British Psychedelia, Canterbury Scene, Experimental, Jazz-Rock, Psychedelic/Garage, Fusion, Modal Music |
John McLaughlin | 1960s - 2010s | Fusion, Global Jazz, Jazz-Rock, Post-Bop, Chamber Jazz, Guitar Jazz, Indian Classical, Indian Subcontinent Traditions, Jazz Instrument |
Allan Holdsworth | 1970s - 2010s | Art Rock, Canterbury Scene, Fusion, Jazz-Rock, Guitar Jazz, Jazz Instrument |
Blood, Sweat & Tears | 1960s - 2020s | Album Rock, Contemporary Pop/Rock, AM Pop, Jazz-Rock, Psychedelic/Garage |
Return to Forever | 1970s - 2010s | Fusion, Post-Bop, Jazz-Rock, Jazz Instrument, Modern Creative, Modern Jazz, Piano Jazz |
Larry Coryell | 1960s - 2010s | Fusion, Post-Bop, Free Jazz, Jazz-Rock, Guitar Jazz, Jazz Instrument |
Brian Auger | 1960s - 2010s | Fusion, Jazz-Rock, Prog-Rock, Soul Jazz, Art Rock, Funk, Jazz-Funk, AM Pop |
Adrian Belew | 1970s - 2010s | Album Rock, Art Rock, Experimental, Guitar Virtuoso, Jazz-Rock, Alternative/Indie Rock, Experimental Rock, Contemporary Pop/Rock |
Michael Bloomfield | 1960s - 1980s | Electric Chicago Blues, Regional Blues, Blues-Rock, Modern Electric Chicago Blues, Jazz-Rock, Acoustic Chicago Blues, Psychedelic/Garage |
Henry Kaiser | 1970s - 2020s | Experimental, Free Improvisation, Keyboard, Alternative/Indie Rock, Experimental Rock, Fusion, Art Rock, Jazz-Rock, Global Jazz, Worldbeat |
Billy Cobham | 1960s - 2010s | Fusion, Post-Bop, Film Score, Jazz-Funk, Jazz-Rock |
Henry Cow | 1960s - 1970s | Avant-Prog, Art Rock, Experimental, Experimental Rock, Improvisation, Modern Composition, Prog-Rock, Jazz-Rock, Canterbury Scene |
Chris Cutler | 1970s - 2000s | Art Rock, Avant-Garde Music, Jazz-Rock, Radio Works, Fusion, Experimental, Free Improvisation, Electro-Acoustic, Chamber Music, Orchestral |
Santana | 1960s - 2010s | Album Rock, Blues-Rock, Fusion, Hard Rock, Latin Rock, Psychedelic/Garage, Contemporary Pop/Rock, Jazz-Rock |
Marc Ribot | 1970s - 2010s | Avant-Garde Jazz, Experimental Rock, Post-Punk, Cuban Jazz, Experimental, Global Jazz, Jazz-Rock |
Magma | 1970s - 2010s | Art Rock, Fusion, Jazz-Rock, Avant-Prog, Prog-Rock |
Phish | 1980s - 2010s | American Trad Rock, Jam Bands, Alternative/Indie Rock, Neo-Psychedelia, Alternative Pop/Rock, Fusion, Jazz-Rock |
John Surman | 1960s - 2010s | Post-Bop, Avant-Garde Jazz, Modern Composition, Jazz Instrument, Jazz-Rock, Film Score |
Mark-Almond | 1960s - 1970s | Art Rock, Jazz-Rock, Prog-Rock |
John Klemmer | 1960s - 2010s | Crossover Jazz, Post-Bop, Smooth Jazz, Fusion, Contemporary Jazz, Jazz Instrument, Saxophone Jazz, Jazz-Rock |
Van Morrison | 1960s - 2010s | Album Rock, Blue-Eyed Soul, Folk-Rock, Jazz-Rock, Psychedelic/Garage, Singer/Songwriter, Soul, Soft Rock, Contemporary Pop/Rock, Adult Contemporary, AM Pop, Celtic Rock |
Walter Becker | 1970s - 2000s | Contemporary Pop/Rock, Jazz-Rock, Soft Rock |
Caravan | 1960s - 2010s | Art Rock, Canterbury Scene, Prog-Rock, Album Rock, Jazz-Rock |
Gong | 1960s - 2010s | Art Rock, British Psychedelia, Canterbury Scene, Experimental Rock, Prog-Rock, Psychedelic/Garage, Space Rock, Jazz-Rock, Fusion, Experimental |
Anton Fier | 1970s - 2000s | Alternative Pop/Rock, Alternative/Indie Rock, Jazz-Rock, New Wave, Punk/New Wave, Proto-Punk |
Sea Level | 1970s - 1980s | Jazz-Rock, Fusion, Southern Rock, Funk |
Hugh Hopper | 1960s - 2000s | Art Rock, Avant-Garde Jazz, Canterbury Scene, Experimental, Prog-Rock, Avant-Prog, Jazz-Rock |
Shawn Phillips | 1960s - 2010s | Jazz-Rock, Singer/Songwriter, Soft Rock |
Nucleus | 1970s - 1980s | Jazz-Rock, Fusion |
The Mahavishnu Project | 2000s | Fusion, Jazz-Rock |
Melt Yourself Down | 2010s - 2020s | Jazz-Rock, Fusion, African Jazz, Global Jazz |
Tribal Tech | 1980s - 2000s | Fusion, Jazz-Rock |
Simon Phillips | 1970s - 2010s | Fusion, Jazz-Rock, Post-Bop, Guitar Jazz, Jazz Instrument, Show/Musical |
Bendik | 1990s | Jazz-Rock |
BFD | 1990s | Fusion, Jazz-Rock |
Crazy Backwards Alphabet | 1990s | Experimental, Fusion, Jazz-Rock, Art Rock |
Jack Bruce | 1960s - 2010s | Album Rock, Prog-Rock, British Blues, Regional Blues, Jazz-Rock, Avant-Garde Music, Blues-Rock |
参考资料：https://www.allmusic.com/style/jazz-rock-ma0000012014/artists
